Viticulture (indicative photo)
Grapes are being cultivated in many parts of the country. Maharashtra is at the top in this matter. Apart from Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, farmers are also cultivating it in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. In Nashik district of Maharashtra, its fields will be found at every step. Grapes fruit is very beneficial for human health. Due to which there is a lot of demand in the market. Therefore, the farmer gets a lot of profit in its cultivation. But if there is a disease in it, then all the hard work gets lost. Due to diseases in grapes, the farmer has to suffer losses in its cultivation. Know what diseases are involved in it.
flea beetles
Adult beetles scrape off germination buds after each pruning. Damaged buds fail to germinate. The beetles also feed on tender buds and leaves, and tendrils cause a lot of damage. Tender buds may dry up and fall down. When copal buds are damaged after the next pruning, the damage is severe.
how to control
The loose bark of the stem should be removed after further pruning to expose and kill the beetles then apply a paste of Copper Oxychloride and Carbaryl 50% WP. Spraying of insecticides like Carbaryl (o.15%) or Quinalphos (0.05%) should be done at an interval of 3-5 days from the fourth day after pruning till the leaf emergence is effective in protecting the copal buds from attack. It is better that the spray should be done in the evening.
soft asita
This is a very fatal disease of grapes. After 1875, this disease started taking the form of epidemic in France. It was first seen in India in 1910 near Poona. In this disease the damage is more than the infection of the vines. There is a 50 to 75 percent chance of damage due to this disease in humid areas.
how to control
All the residues lying on the ground of the diseased crop should be collected and destroyed. After that the vines should be kept above the ground surface. Right pruning should be done at the right time. As far as possible, disease resistant species should be adopted.
Spraying of Mancozeb or Zineb at 2.0 g or copper oxychloride like Blitox 5.0 at 3.0 g per liter of water or Bordeaux mixture (4:4:50) should be done to prevent the spread of secondary infection.
Thrips
Thrips are oval, black colored small insects that deposit eggs on the undersides of leaves. Both the nymphus and the adult suck the cell sap from the underside of the leaf. The injured surface is marked by a number of minute spots, producing a silver effect spot that can be detected from a distance. Thrips also attacks flowers and new berry sets. Affected berries develop croaky layer and turn brown at maturity.
how to control
Alternate sprays of insecticides such as phosphamidion (0.05%) or such as monocrotophos (0.1%) or malathion (0.05%) provide a good control of the pest. Prophylactic spray is necessary immediately after flowering and during fruit formation.
Leaf spot
Due to this, circular or irregularly shaped dark brown or brown spots are formed on the leaves. The middle part of which is of ash color. Due to the large number of spots, photosynthesis is affected. Due to which there is an adverse effect on the yield.
For its prevention, the diseased leaves should be collected and burnt. When symptoms of the disease are observed, dissolution of 3.0 gm of copper oxychloride or 2.5 gm of Zineb per liter of water should be done and sprayed at an interval of 10 days.
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